microglia 9 sim a9 cell line  (ATCC)

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Licochalcone E, a β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor, Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via Inhibition of CTL1-Mediated Choline Uptake

doi: 10.3390/biom13020191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Licos D and E on the number of cells and caspase-3/7 activity of SIM-A9 cells. ( A ) The number of viable cells was determined after each separate treatment with Licos D and E (1.5625, 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 μM) for 24 h. Cell number was calculated using 100% viable cells in the vehicle control group. ( B ) Caspase-3/7 activity was presented as a percentage of vehicle control. Values are the mean ± SD ( n = 4). **** p < 0.0001 compared with vehicle control. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: The immortalized mouse microglia cell line SIM-A9 was obtained from Applied Biological Materials Inc. (Richmond, BC, Canada).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Licochalcone E, a β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor, Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via Inhibition of CTL1-Mediated Choline Uptake

doi: 10.3390/biom13020191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Licos D and E on membrane permeability and [ 3 H]choline uptake in SIM-A9 cells. ATP contents were measured after treatment with 1.5625–100 µM of Licos D ( A ) and E ( B ) for 40 min. ATP contents were determined using the CellTiter-Glo ® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. After preincubation of Licos D ( C ) and E ( D ) for 20 min, 10 µM [ 3 H]choline was added and uptake was measured for 20 min. IC 50 values of Licos D and E for inhibition of [ 3 H]choline uptake were 17.1 and 12.4 μM, respectively. The results are presented as a percentage of uptake measured with the vehicle control. Values are the mean ± SD ( n = 4). ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.0005 and **** p < 0.0001 compared with vehicle control. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: The immortalized mouse microglia cell line SIM-A9 was obtained from Applied Biological Materials Inc. (Richmond, BC, Canada).

Techniques: Permeability, Cell Viability Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Licochalcone E, a β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor, Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via Inhibition of CTL1-Mediated Choline Uptake

doi: 10.3390/biom13020191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of choline deficiency on TNF-α and Arg-1 mRNA expression in SIM-A9 cells stimulated by Aβ1-42 and IL-4. ( A ) Expression of TNF-α mRNA in SIM-A9 cells stimulated with 10 μM Aβ1-42 in normal or choline-free medium for 4 h. Values are the mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.005 and *** p < 0.0005 compared with normal culture medium under the same condition. †† p < 0.0001 compared with the vehicle of normal culture medium. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. ( B ) Expression of Arg-1 mRNA in SIM-A9 cells stimulated with IL-4 (2.5 and 5 ng/mL) in normal or choline-free medium for 4 h. Values are the mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.005 compared with normal culture medium under the same condition. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. † p < 0.01 and †† p < 0.0001 compared with the vehicle of normal culture medium. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Relative expression is expressed as a ratio of the target mRNA to β-actin mRNA.

Article Snippet: The immortalized mouse microglia cell line SIM-A9 was obtained from Applied Biological Materials Inc. (Richmond, BC, Canada).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Licochalcone E, a β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor, Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via Inhibition of CTL1-Mediated Choline Uptake

doi: 10.3390/biom13020191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Lico E on TNF-α and Arg-1 mRNA expression in SIM-A9 cells stimulated with Aβ1-42 and IL-4. ( A ) Effect of Lico E on TNF mRNA expression in SIM-A9 cells stimulated with Aβ1-42. ( B ) Effect of Lico E on Arg-1 mRNA expression in SIM-A9 cells stimulated with Aβ1-42. Cells were treated with various concentrations (0, 3 and 10 μM) of Lico E for 30 min, followed by stimulation with 10 μM Aβ1-42 for 4 h. Values are the mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.0005 compared with vehicle control. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. † p < 0.05 and †† p < 0.0001 compared with vehicle control (0 µM of Lico E). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. # p < 0.005 and ## p < 0.0005, ### p = 0.0005 and #### p < 0.0001 compared with vehicle control (0 μM of Lico E). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. ( C ) Effect of Lico E on Arg-1 mRNA expression in SIM-A9 cells stimulated with IL-4. Cells were treated with various concentrations (0, 3 and 10 μM) of Lico E for 30 min, followed by stimulation with 5 ng/mL IL-4 for 4 h. Values are the mean ± SD ( n = 3). *** p < 0.0005 compared with vehicle control. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. † p < 0.01 compared with vehicle control (0 µM of Lico E). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. # p < 0.005 and ## p < 0.0005 compared with vehicle control (0 μM of Lico E). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: The immortalized mouse microglia cell line SIM-A9 was obtained from Applied Biological Materials Inc. (Richmond, BC, Canada).

Techniques: Expressing